Coaster Nerdz

For all you nerds out there, i need help. I have a lot of fun designing rollercoasters and i need to know if anyone knows how to calculate G-forces in a design.

For vertical g's through a loop or over a camel back, it's v^2/r. (+cos(angle of train) for gravity) Of course, the v changes rapidly during a loop, as does the radius of curvature.

For lateral g's it's the same thing if the track is flat.

If you have a banked turn, the vertical g's will be the sin of the bank angle times v^2/r. The lateral g's will be cos of the bank angle times
v^2/r. Of course, then you also have to subtract
cos(angle of bank) from vertical and add sin (angle of bank) to horizontal for gravity.

If you need more detailed formulas I can give 'em to you.