Thanks, kpjb, for pointing that out.
If you look closely at the state that have regulatory programs, you will find that they encompass almost all of the states that have fixed amusement rides. The state programs fall into several different categories. In general, amusement ride regulations are handled by one of the following:
o Department of Insurance
That's what Texas does. The State does not have its own inspectors or inspection program, but they require operators to have insurance, and they require annual inspectors by qualified third-party inspectors. Which is easy enough to do because that is usually a requirement of the park's insurance carrier anyway.
o Department of Labor
Very common. The department of labor usually includes OSHA so it's a natural fit for safety inspections. The bad thing about this is the states that use the Department of Labor often do not have dedicated amusement ride inspectors. This seems to be especially common in New England.
o Building and Elevator Inspections
Common where the Authority Having Jurisdiction is a County or City, as is the case in Clark County, NV or New York City, NY. (New York rides are inspected by the Department of Labor, but the State does not, or at least did not, have jurisdiction over rides in the City). Again, this sometimes means the inspectors are not dedicated amusement ride inspectors.
o Department of Agriculture
This is extremely common, and probably related to the fact that Agriculture already does inspections, particularly weights and measures. Every state that I know of that has amusement rides in the Department of Agriculture has a separate division dedicated to amusement rides. Examples include Ohio, Pennsylvania...and Kentucky.
In any case, any State that has an inspection program will either require a third-party inspection or perform its own third party inspection, or both. Any state that has such a program will insist that such inspectors be qualified. In many states, that qualification is defined by an engineering license, or (as in Missouri) an engineering license or certification by NAARSO and/or AIMS. That's right, there are TWO industry associations which offer inspector training and certification programs...AIMS is an association of manufacturers, and NAARSO was started by regulatory inspectors. In addition, California and Pennsylvania have separate certification programs for their inspectors. In Pennsylvania, every ride MUST be inspected by a Commonwealth certified inspector (such as kpjb) on every operating day. I don't have a Pennsylvania certificate, but I have attended their school (and in fact gave a lecture there this past spring) and can tell you that it is an intensive school not unlike the NAARSO school. So regardless of the department having jurisdiction, amusement ride inspectors are, in fact, specially trained and qualified to serve as amusement ride safety inspectors.
The question also came up about the ASTM standards and who writes them. Amusement ride standards are the responsibility of Committee F-24, which handles a number of standards relating to amusement rides, most critically the F 2291 standard, which is the world design standard. There are nearly 500 members of the F-24 committee, and they are not all industry people who would prefer to avoid regulation. Just thinking back to the last committee meeting in Orlando, I know there were representatives of manufacturers, major parks, smaller parks, a couple of people who have been involved with all three, attorneys of various affiliations, independent inspectors, jurisdictional inspectors (including the inspection division chiefs of more than one state), representatives of foreign standards organizations and regulatory bodies (such as TSSA in Ontario), carnival owners, industry organizational representatives (including OABA, AIMS and IAAPA), academic experts, and even consumer representatives including Kathy Fackler and myself. Sure, I am outnumbered by the Disney lawyers, but the structure of the committee is such that decisions are made by consensus, and any negative vote must be supported by an argument that must be addressed by the committee. If you don't like the way the standards get set, then do something about it. ASTM membership actually costs less than many season passes. It's not for everybody, but the point is, the ASTM standards have a much broader base of influence than you might think.
--Dave Althoff, Jr.